83 PRS Proofreading and Editing Service PhD Experts • All Academic Areas • Fast Turnaround • High Quality The spacing and indentation of bibliographies and reference lists vary considerably as well. The relevant style manual or journal guidelines will provide details, but as a general rule maintaining the line spacing (double, for instance) you’ve used in the paper itself is a good policy, and using indentation and/or spacing to separate your references clearly and improve their legibility is good practice. A number of standard abbreviations are used in reference lists and bibliographies – ‘pp.,’ ‘Ed.,’ ‘ed.,’ ‘edn.,’ ‘Vol.,’ ‘No.’ and the two-letter abbreviations for American states are common examples – but these, too, vary between referencing styles, and some journals will encourage the use of further abbreviations, such as the standard abbreviations for journal titles (which can be found in various places online: the NLM Catalog of Journals Referenced in the NCBI Databases is an easy-to-use example). The bibliographical information in reference lists and bibliographies also differs between styles in the format of page number ranges (e.g., 222-4 vs. 222-24 vs. 222-224), and in the use of punctuation, capitalisation and fonts (on journal volume numbers, for instance, APA style uses italic font, whereas the guidelines for the medical journal BMC Public Health call for bold font on volume numbers). As a tool to help you take careful note of the many elements that vary from style to style, I’m providing here a list of the same source (a chapter within an edited book) recorded in the bibliography/ references/works cited formats required by eight different styles: • Chicago Bibliography (in-note): Hardman, Phillipa. “Presenting the Text: Pictorial Tradition in Fifteenth-Century Manuscripts of the Canterbury Tales.” In Chaucer Illustrated: Five Hundred Years of the Canterbury Tales in Pictures, edited by William K. Finley and Joseph Rosenblum, 37-72. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press, 2003. PARt II: PRePARIng, PResentIng And PolIsHIng YoUR woRk