How To Design and Write a Well-Organised Scientific Article
Given that every scientist who writes an article does so with the hope that it will be read and ideally well or highly cited, it is essential to produce an article that is clear, engaging and logical for its audience. This may be obvious, of course, but it is far easier said than done, and the fact is that scholars facing the challenges of reporting and discussing complex research in text too often forget the immediate needs of potential readers. Thinking of your paper as a series of points and parts and carefully dividing it into those points and parts as you write will enable you to conquer the material and present it in an interesting and palatable form for readers.
A scientific author might begin such a process by devising a sequence of points or ideas arranged in a logical order that clearly tell the basic story of his or her research from introduction and background to discussion and conclusion. Each point should be expressed as simply and clearly as possible, and the sequence as a whole can then serve as a supporting framework for elaboration if you focus in each paragraph on a single point along with the evidence and argument that support and develop that idea. The sections often required by journal guidelines add an extra layer of organisation, with the paragraphs on introductory points clustered in the introduction, those on methods included in the methodology section, those reporting the findings arranged in the results section and so on. Blending your own logical progression for your paper paragraph by paragraph effectively into the structural and heading preferences of the journal you hope to publish it in will produce a carefully organised article in which main ideas are divided, emphasised and presented in short chunks that are readily digestible and memorable.
While organising your article in this fashion, do not forget the primary importance of the title, abstract and keywords. As searchable aspects of your article, these are the parts that advertise your work: they will determine whether potential readers of your paper become actual readers. Your title should be appealing while accurately informing searchers about the content of the article; keywords should present the main ideas of the paper in the forms readers are most likely to use while searching for research like that presented in your article; and the abstract should concisely summarise the main points of the article in language designed to hook the searcher and convince him or her that reading on will be an enjoyable and illuminating experience. Be sure not to exceed any word or length limits the journal sets for the title and abstract, and for any other part of the article, so that your work meets all practical requirements while it engages its readers.
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If you are in the process of preparing an article for an academic or scientific journal, or planning one for the near future, you may well be interested in a new book, Guide to Journal Publication, which is available on our Tips and Advice on Publishing Research in Journals website.
